The Benefits of Cupping Therapy in Massage: Understanding Techniques and Meaning Behind the Marks

By: Alexandrea Eno, RMT

Do you remember when Michael Phelps had cupping marks on himself at the Olympics?That was 10 years ago! Through the years, cupping therapy has gained popularity as a complementary technique in massage therapy, it offers unique benefits that go beyond traditional massage methods. This ancient practice uses suction cups to stimulate blood flow, relieve muscle tension, and promote healing. Many people are curious about why cupping is used in massage therapy and what the distinctive circular marks left on the skin mean. This post explores the reasons behind cupping therapy’s use, how it works, and the significance of the marks it leaves.

What Is Cupping Therapy?

Cupping therapy involves placing cups on the skin to create suction. This suction pulls the skin and underlying tissues upward into the cup. The cups can be made from glass, silicone, bamboo, or plastic. The suction is created either by heat (fire cupping) or mechanical devices (pump cups).

This technique has roots in traditional Chinese medicine but has been used in various cultures worldwide for thousands of years. The goal is to improve circulation, reduce pain, and encourage the body’s natural healing processes.

Why Use Cupping in Massage Therapy?

Massage therapy focuses on manipulating muscles and soft tissues to relieve tension and improve function. Cupping complements this by targeting deeper layers of tissue and enhancing blood flow in ways that hands alone cannot achieve.

Benefits of Combining Cupping with Massage

• Improved circulation: The suction draws blood to the surface, increasing oxygen and nutrient delivery to muscles.

• Reduced muscle tightness: Cupping loosens tight muscles and fascia, making massage strokes more effective.

• Pain relief: It can reduce inflammation and stimulate the nervous system to decrease pain signals.

• Detoxification: By promoting lymphatic drainage, cupping helps remove toxins from tissues.

• Enhanced relaxation: The gentle pulling sensation can calm the nervous system and reduce stress.

  
  

Massage therapists often use cupping as part of a treatment plan for clients with chronic pain, sports injuries, or muscle stiffness. It can also help break up scar tissue and adhesions that limit mobility.

How Is Cupping Therapy Performed?

There are two main methods of cupping used in massage therapy:

1. Fire Cupping

A cotton ball soaked in alcohol is lit and briefly placed inside the glass cup to heat the air. When the flame is removed, the cup is quickly placed on the skin. As the air inside cools, it creates a vacuum that pulls the skin upward.

2. Pump or Silicone Cupping

These cups use a mechanical pump or flexible silicone to create suction without heat. The therapist can control the intensity and move the cups across the skin for a massage-like effect.

Typical Procedure

• The therapist applies oil or lotion to the skin for smooth cup movement.

• Cups are placed on specific areas, often along muscle groups or acupuncture points.

• Cups remain in place for 5 to 15 minutes.

• The therapist may move the cups gently to massage the area.

• After removal, the skin may show circular marks of varying colors.

  
  

What Do the Cupping Marks Mean?

One of the most noticeable effects of cupping therapy is the circular marks left on the skin. These marks often cause concern for first-timers, but they are a normal and temporary part of the process.

Why Do Marks Appear?

The suction causes small blood vessels (capillaries) near the skin’s surface to break, leading to localized bleeding under the skin. This creates the characteristic red, purple, or even dark bruises.

What Do Different Colors Indicate?

• Light pink or red marks: These usually indicate good circulation and mild stagnation.

• Pale or no colour: These display that their is a blood deficiency. This could mean that there is a lack of energy or coldness from the person.

• Watery or Blister Marks: These show that there could be dampness from the individual, which means that there might be some water retention in the body.

• Dark purple or blue marks: These suggest more significant stagnation or congestion in the tissues.

• Yellow or green marks: These appear as the marks heal and fade, similar to a bruise.

  
  

The color and intensity of the marks depend on the individual’s health, the amount of suction, and the length of time the cups are applied.

How Long Do Marks Last?

Cupping marks typically last from a few days to two weeks. They fade naturally as the body reabsorbs the blood and heals the tissue.

Practical Examples of Cupping in Massage Therapy

Sports Recovery

Athletes often use cupping to speed up recovery after intense training. For example, runners may receive cupping on their calves and thighs to reduce muscle soreness and improve flexibility.

Chronic Pain Management

People with conditions like fibromyalgia or lower back pain find relief when cupping is combined with massage. The increased blood flow and muscle relaxation help reduce stiffness and discomfort.

Stress and Tension Relief

Cupping on the upper back and shoulders can ease tension caused by stress. The therapy promotes relaxation and improves breathing by loosening tight chest muscles.

Safety and Considerations

Cupping therapy is generally safe when performed by trained professionals. However, some precautions include:

• Avoid cupping on broken skin, wounds, or inflamed areas.

• People with blood disorders or skin conditions should consult a healthcare provider before trying cupping.

• Inform your therapist if you are pregnant or have any medical concerns.

  
  

How to Prepare for a Cupping Session

• Wear comfortable clothing that allows access to the treatment area.

• Avoid heavy meals or alcohol before the session.

• Stay hydrated to support detoxification.

• Communicate openly with your therapist about your comfort and any sensations during treatment.

  
  

Aftercare Tips

• Avoid hot showers or saunas immediately after cupping.

• Keep the treated area clean and moisturized.

• Rest and allow your body to recover.

• Drink plenty of water to help flush out toxins.